Understanding ADA Ramp Requirements
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sets standards for accessible ramps. The maximum slope for a ramp in new construction is 1:12 (one inch of rise for every 12 inches of run). This equals a 4.76-degree angle or 8.33% grade.
ADA Ramp Requirements
| Requirement | ADA Standard |
|---|---|
| Maximum Slope | 1:12 (8.33%) |
| Minimum Width | 36" clear |
| Maximum Rise per Run | 30" (requires landing) |
| Landing Length | 60" minimum |
| Landing Width | At least as wide as ramp |
| Handrails Required | If rise > 6" |
| Handrail Height | 34" - 38" |
| Edge Protection | 2" min curb or rail |
Slope Comparison
| Ratio | Percent | Degrees | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:20 | 5% | 2.9 deg | Easy, no handrails required |
| 1:16 | 6.25% | 3.6 deg | Wheelchair user preferred |
| 1:12 | 8.33% | 4.8 deg | ADA maximum (new construction) |
| 1:10 | 10% | 5.7 deg | ADA (existing buildings only) |
| 1:8 | 12.5% | 7.1 deg | Residential (not ADA) |
Material Options
| Material | Cost/Sq Ft | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pressure-Treated Wood | $15-30 | Affordable, DIY friendly | Maintenance, can rot |
| Composite | $25-50 | Low maintenance, durable | Higher cost |
| Aluminum (Modular) | $50-100 | Portable, no maintenance | Expensive, may need permit |
| Concrete | $20-40 | Permanent, durable | Not portable, cracks |
Ramp Building Tips
- Check local building codes - permits usually required
- Consider switchback design for limited space
- Use non-slip surface materials or add grip strips
- Ensure proper drainage - slope slightly away from house
- Include handrails on both sides for safety
- Plan for level landings at top, bottom, and any turns
- Extend handrails 12" beyond ramp at top and bottom
When You Need a Ramp
- Wheelchair or mobility scooter access
- Walker or cane users
- Moving heavy equipment or appliances
- Stroller or cart access
- Temporary or permanent accessibility needs