Understanding ADA Ramp Requirements
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sets standards for accessible ramps. The maximum slope for a ramp in new construction is 1:12 (one inch of rise for every 12 inches of run). This equals a 4.76-degree angle or 8.33% grade.
ADA Ramp Requirements
| Requirement | ADA Standard |
|---|---|
| Maximum Slope | 1:12 (8.33%) |
| Minimum Width | 36" clear |
| Maximum Rise per Run | 30" (requires landing) |
| Landing Length | 60" minimum |
| Landing Width | At least as wide as ramp |
| Handrails Required | If rise > 6" |
| Handrail Height | 34" - 38" |
| Edge Protection | 2" min curb or rail |
Slope Comparison
| Ratio | Percent | Degrees | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:20 | 5% | 2.9 deg | Easy, no handrails required |
| 1:16 | 6.25% | 3.6 deg | Wheelchair user preferred |
| 1:12 | 8.33% | 4.8 deg | ADA maximum (new construction) |
| 1:10 | 10% | 5.7 deg | ADA (existing buildings only) |
| 1:8 | 12.5% | 7.1 deg | Residential (not ADA) |
Material Options
| Material | Cost/Sq Ft | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pressure-Treated Wood | $15-30 | Affordable, DIY friendly | Maintenance, can rot |
| Composite | $25-50 | Low maintenance, durable | Higher cost |
| Aluminum (Modular) | $50-100 | Portable, no maintenance | Expensive, may need permit |
| Concrete | $20-40 | Permanent, durable | Not portable, cracks |
Ramp Building Tips
- Check local building codes - permits usually required
- Consider switchback design for limited space
- Use non-slip surface materials or add grip strips
- Ensure proper drainage - slope slightly away from house
- Include handrails on both sides for safety
- Plan for level landings at top, bottom, and any turns
- Extend handrails 12" beyond ramp at top and bottom
When You Need a Ramp
- Wheelchair or mobility scooter access
- Walker or cane users
- Moving heavy equipment or appliances
- Stroller or cart access
- Temporary or permanent accessibility needs
Frequently Asked Questions
How accurate are the results?
The Ramp applies a standard formula to your inputs — accuracy depends on how precisely you measure those inputs. For planning and estimation, results are reliable. For high-stakes or professional decisions, cross-check the output with a domain expert or primary source.
Can I use this on mobile?
Yes — the calculator is designed to work on any device. For complex multi-input calculations on small screens, landscape orientation gives more room to see all fields and results simultaneously.
How should I interpret the Ramp output?
The result is a calculated estimate based on the formula and your inputs. Compare it against the reference values or benchmarks shown on this page to understand whether your result is high, low, or typical. For decisions with real consequences, use the output as one data point alongside direct measurement and professional advice.
When should I use a different approach?
Use this calculator for quick, formula-based estimates. If your situation involves multiple interacting variables, time-varying inputs, or safety-critical decisions, consider a dedicated software tool, professional consultation, or direct measurement. Calculators are most reliable within their stated assumptions — check that your scenario matches those assumptions before relying on the output.