Enter your taxable income and filing status to see your marginal tax bracket, effective tax rate, total federal tax owed, and after-tax income, using the 2024 IRS federal marginal tax brackets.
Results
Calculated
Federal tax owed
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Total tax across all brackets
Marginal tax bracket
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Rate on your last dollar earned
Effective tax rate
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Total tax ÷ taxable income
After-tax income
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Taxable income minus federal tax
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How to use this calculator
Enter your taxable income - the amount left after your standard or itemized deductions, not your gross salary - and choose your filing status. Click Calculate to see your federal tax owed, marginal bracket, effective rate, and after-tax income, computed with the 2024 IRS federal marginal tax brackets. Click Clear to reset to the defaults.
How marginal tax brackets work
The US federal income tax is progressive: taxable income is divided into slices, and each slice is taxed only at the rate for that bracket. For example, a single filer with $60,000 of taxable income in 2024 pays 10% on the first $11,600, 12% on the next portion up to $47,150, and 22% only on the remaining amount above $47,150 - not 22% on the whole $60,000. The brackets and thresholds differ by filing status (Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, Head of Household).
Marginal rate vs. effective rate
Your marginal tax bracket is the rate that applies to your last dollar of income - it tells you how an additional dollar earned would be taxed. Your effective tax rate is your total tax divided by your total taxable income, blending every bracket rate you passed through. The effective rate is always at or below the marginal rate, since only income above each threshold is taxed at that threshold's higher rate.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do tax brackets actually work?
The United States uses a progressive marginal tax system. Your income is split into slices, and each slice is taxed at the rate for that bracket only. Moving into a higher bracket does not raise the tax rate on income you already earned in lower brackets - only the portion above each threshold is taxed at the higher rate.
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate applied to your last (highest) dollar of taxable income - the bracket you fall into. Your effective rate is your total tax divided by your total taxable income, averaged across every bracket you passed through. The effective rate is always lower than or equal to the marginal rate.
Does earning more ever leave me with less take-home pay?
No. Because only the income above each threshold is taxed at the higher rate, a raise that pushes you into a new bracket can never reduce your after-tax income. Every additional dollar you earn is taxed at your new marginal rate at worst, so total after-tax income always increases.
What counts as taxable income?
Taxable income is your income after subtracting deductions (the standard deduction or itemized deductions) and above-the-line adjustments - it is not the same as gross salary. This calculator asks for taxable income directly and applies the 2024 IRS federal brackets to it; it does not calculate deductions or credits.